ADS 401                         Name________________________
EPD/Breeds Test
February 20, 1996               Section_______


BREED IDENTIFICATION.  Slides will be shown of beef cattle
(20 seconds per slide).  No crossbred cattle will be shown.

 1.    ______________________     7.    ______________________

 2.    ______________________     8.    ______________________

 3.    ______________________     9.    ______________________

 4.    ______________________    10.    ______________________

 5.    ______________________    11.    ______________________

 6.    ______________________    12.    ______________________


 1.    (4 pts)  There are two types of traits in the National
       Cattle Evaluation; that is, every trait for which there
       is an EPD value can be classified as being one of these
       two types.  Name these two and tell what each
       describes.

       1. _______________________________________________

       2. _______________________________________________

 2.    (4 pts)  You own a young sire with "excellent" non-
       parent EPD values, and you want to promote him because
       of the prestige of owning a top sire.  Will mating him
       to your best cows improve his EPD values?  Explain.







 3.    (2 pts)  Most EPD traits are expressed as units of
       measure.  Which is expressed as a ratio?



 4.    (4 pts) What is the difference between the "number of
       progeny" for a sire and "effective progeny number?"





 5.    (3 pts)  You are trying to decide on a bull to use in
       your crossbreeding program.  According to the sire
       summaries, an Angus bull has a milk EPD of +10 while a
       Simmental bull has a milk EPD of -6.  Is it reasonable
       to assume that the Angus bull will improve the milking
       ability of your future cows more than the Simmental
       bull?








 6.    (2 pts)  What is the range for ACC values? 


       What is the range for correlation coefficients? 


       What one factor has the greatest effect on accuracy
       values for an individual?



 7.    (5 pts)  What are the genetic correlations among birth
       weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, and maternal
       milk?  (Relationships, not the actual numbers.)








 8.    (3 pts)  There is a negative correlation between
       maternal calving ease and calving ease.  Explain what
       this can be interpreted to mean.







 9.    (5 pts)  Given in the figure below are the average
       weaning weights of calves for three sires that were
       used in two herds.  (Sire C was used in both herds.) 
       Would you expect bull A or bull B to have the best EPD
       values for weaning weight?  Show your rationale.

                           Herd 1     Herd 2
                       ________________________
                       |
               Sire A  |   550 lb.       
                       |
               Sire B  |              575 lb.
                       |
               Sire C  |   450 lb.    500 lb.   
                       |


10.    (14 pts)  Shown below are the EPD values for two bulls. 
       Fill in the values for "maternal weaning" and answer
       the following questions.  You will be graded on the
       accuracy of your wording.

       Birth   Weaning wt.    Maternal   Maternal  Yearling
 Sire  weight    direct         milk     weaning    weight 
                                                              
  A      +4       +28           -2                   +44
  B      -2       +10           +4                   +30
                                                              

       a. (2)  What do the "birth weight" EPD values tell you?







       b. (4)  What do the "milk" EPD values tell you?







       c. (4)  What do the "maternal weaning" EPD values tell
          you?






       d. (2)  Which bull's progeny will have the fastest
          postweaning ADG?


       e. (2)  Which bull's daughters would be expected to wean
          the heaviest calves?


          Which trait was the basis for your answer? 



11.    (4 pts)  The following milk EPD information was found
       for a bull in the Polled Hereford sire summary:

       From the Table of Possible Change Values

                          Accuracy    Possible change values

       Milk EPD  + 12        .2              16
       ACC        .30        .4              12
                             .6               8
                             .8               4

       What can you say about this bull's milk EPD the next
       time it is reported?  Some kind of probability
       statement is expected with your answer.






12.    (4 pts)  What are the two main factors that determine
       the ease with which a calf is born?

       a. 

       b. 

13.    (3 pts)  Scrotal circumference is related to what two
       important production traits?  Indicate how they are
       related.

       a. 

       b. 


14.    (3 pts)  What two factors are most important in
       determining the energy requirements of a cow?

       a.


       b.


Questions 15 through 17 refer to the following comparison. 
Comparing smaller-framed cattle to larger-framed cattle,
when both are fed high-grain diets to grade between high
select and low choice the larger-framed cattle......

15.    probably will
       a.  be less efficient (than the smaller-framed cattle)
       b.  be more efficient
       c.  have about the same efficiency

16.    probably will
       a.  be finished in fewer days
       b.  take about the same number of days to finish
       c.  take more days to finish

17.    probably will have
       a.  a significantly faster ADG
       b.  only a slight advantage in ADG
       c.  a slower ADG

18.    (4 pts) Give four production/management problems
       associated with a beef cow producing "too much" milk.

       a. 

       b. 

       c. 

       d. 

19.    (3 pts)  Compared to straightbred cows, crossbred cows
       generally will improve the pounds of calf weaned per
       cow exposed approximately ________%.  

       Most of this increase is attributed to _______________
       (Don't answer "heterosis."  Where is the most heterosis
       realized?)

20.    What does "MARC" stand for? __________________________

21.    What is the country of origin for each of the following
       breeds?

       Angus

       Pinzgauer

       Hays Converter

       Murray Grey

       Longhorn

       Red Poll

       Beefmaster

       Galloway

22.    What breeds were used to develop the following
       synthetic breeds?

       Beefmaster 

       Amerifax 

       Beefalo 


23.    The American Brahman is a blend of 3 Indian Zebu
       breeds.  In recent years, larger framed Zebu from which
       country have been infused into our Brahman?

       a.  South Africa       b.  China       c.  Indonesia    
       d.  Brazil             e.  Belize

24.    Circle the letter of the statement if it is true.  Do
       nothing if it is false.

       Compared to the British breeds of beef cattle, the
       Continental exotic breeds generally...
       a.  have greater herd longevity.
       b.  have more dystocia.
       c.  are larger framed.
       d.  are more fertile.
       e.  have lower percent calf crops.
       f.  require more energy daily for maintenance.
       g.  have carcasses with higher (better) quality grades.
       h.  have better cutability scores (yield grades).
       I.  are earlier maturing.
       j.  are generally used as dam breeds in crossbreeding
           programs.

25.    When crossbreeding, you would normally expect to get
       more heterosis when you cross a British breed with
       a.  a Continental exotic breed
       b.  a Zebu type breed
       c.  The amount of heterosis expected is the same for
           both breed types.

26.    Name the breed that is best described by the short
       description.

       This American synthetic breed has Africander breeding
       in its genetic heritage.


       This breed is essentially a German Simmental except
       that it tends to be more reddish than the Swiss
       Simmental.


       Popular breed noted primarily for its excellent carcass
       quality and maternal traits.


       Breed noted for having the highest yielding carcasses
       of all breeds in the breed comparison tests at MARC.


       This breed ranked #1 in pounds of calf weaned per pound
       of cow in the breeding herd in the breed comparison
       tests at MARC.


       What do we call an Angus-Hereford crossbred?


       Which beef breed is most noted for its high milk
       production?


       Which breed is noted for the fertility of its females
       under limited feed conditions?


       What was the first Continental exotic breed introduced
       into the U.S.?


       What was the first beef breed to be developed in the
       U.S.?



27.    It is generally recommended that Chianina be used only
       in terminal crosses because
       a.  maintenance costs are high due to their size
       b.  they have extreme calving difficulties
       c.  they are too heavily muscled
       d.  they don't exhibit heterosis
       e.  all of the above

28.    Which breed has been used to improve muscling,
       leanness, and growth in Shorthorn cattle?
       a.  Chianina      b.  Simmental      c.  Salers    
       d.  Maine Anjou   e.  Beefmaster