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Figure Captions.
Fig. 1. pauperculus
Fig. 2. pauperculus
Fig. 3. pauperculus
Fig. 4. pauperculus
Literature.
From Burke, 10 Aug 2005. I have been spending a lot of time up-dating the weevil/plant associations and trying to come up with a way to present this that will indicate the degree of knowledge of the associations: reared from, collected on, possible host, etc. I am going back in the literature and trying to document the original publication of these associations.
While trying to track down some plant associations I ran across a reference by Pierce (1907) to A. pauperculus (apparently a Schwarz record) being "bred from a bud of Riddelia." No locality was given. Riddelia has a rocky nomenclatural history, having been used as a generic name in both the families Tiliaceae and Asteraceae. In both families I believe that it is regarded as a synonym right now. But the problem at hand with pauperculus is that in Asteraceae (which I think is probably its host family judging from information on its relatives) the developmental site would be the flower head, not flower buds. A species of Tiliaceae, according to Paul Fryxell, is known from Louisiana and has flower buds. Of course, pauperculus, as we know it occurs in California, not Louisiana. The other problem involves the identity of pauperculus; the possibility that it was misidentified is great. Do you have any specimens of what we are now considering pauperculus that have an indication of plant association on their labels? I have given this matter what is probably an undeserved amount of attention but whenever we cover pauperculus we will need to address the question of plant association.
Did you Google Riddelia? I came up with the following:
Riddelia
Riddelia
Riddelia
Riddelia
among others. So, it's either Malvaceae, Tiliaceae or Compositae, or something!
Dorr, Laurence J. 1992. The identity of Riddelia Raf. and remarks on Corchorus L. (Tiliaceae). Taxon 41(1): 80-83. Abstract: Riddelia Raf., long considered to be a taxonomic synonym of Melochia L. (Sterculiaceae), is a synonym of Corchorus L. (Tiliaceae). Its type, R. antiphyla Raf., is conspecific with Corchorus hirtus L.
Riddelia: Dr. James L. Reveal has brought to our attention that Riddellia Nutt. (1841) is a homonym of Riddellia Raf. (1838) [cf. the entry for Riddellia Raf. in the on-line ING database; GCI, IK, and hard-bound ING are insufficient to resolve the status of Riddellia Raf. vis-à-vis Riddelia Raf.]. The name Riddelliinae A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 9: 194. 1874 (misattributed by us and others to O. Hoffm. in A. Engler and K. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(5): 251, 253. 1891), based on Riddellia Nutt., is therefore invalid. The legitimate name for the subtribe that we recognize comprising mblyolepis DC., Baileya Harv. & A. Gray ex Torr., Hymenoxys Cass., Psilostrophe DC., and Tetraneuris Greene is Tetraneurinae Rydb. in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 34(1): 2. 1914, 34(2): 100. 1915 (as “Tetraneuranae”), not Riddelliinae.
Riddellia
2 records found in the Index Nominum Genericorum database.
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Riddellia Rafinesque, New Fl. 4: 15 ('Riddelia'), 111. 1838(sero) ('1836').
T.: R. antiphyla Rafinesque
PHAN.-STERCULIACEAE (10) 9 Feb 1996
Riddellia Nuttall, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. ser. 2. 7: 371. 2 Apr 1841 (non Rafinesque 1838).
T.: R. tagetinae Nuttall
PHAN.-ASTERACEAE (53) 07 Feb 2002
2 records found in the Index Nominum Genericorum database.
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Antiphyla Rafinesque, New Fl. 4: 16. 1838 (sero) ('1836') (non Antiphylla Haworth 1821).
Riddelia Rafinesque 1838
Alternative name.
PHAN.-STERCULIACEAE (75) 9 Feb 1996
Riddelia Rafinesque 1838.
Orthographic variant. See Riddellia Rafinesque 1838.
(10/104) 9 Feb 1996
Pierce (1907:272): Anthonomus pauperculus. "According to Mr. Schwarz this species breeds in the buds of Riddelia."