Hello everyone!July, August and September – Big Months with many things happening! (Guatemala, ASHS, SNA, IPPS, Plant Conferences, Trade Shows, Certified Nursery Program...).
I had the opportunity to go to the mountain regions of Guatemala for 2 weeks in July with the Partners of the Americas program to help nurseries in their efforts to grow Pinabete (Abies guatemaliensis). Most of their forests have been lost due to large populations and need for firewood for heat and cooking. There is an honest but tough attempt by the people to restore their forests and reduce the amount of erosion of their farm land and mountains. They were growing in poly bags using soil, compost and sand as a container medium. They were using no fertilizer and knew very little about the basics of horticulture. Being so low on the learning curve, it was easy to offer suggestions to help them in their efforts, although the suggestions had to be made using the limited resources they had available.
GUATEMALA WILL NEVER BE THE SAME
They were very kind people and many of them said they had family or knew people who were working in nurseries in the United States. While sipping on some local spirits with the mayor in the Totonicapan area under a flickering light bulb hanging from the ceiling, I learned that the mayor, who spoke much better broken English than my Spanish, had proudly worked on the Georgia highways pruning right-of-ways.
Another small group I was working with in the private sector was a group interested in growing Christmas trees for sales in Latin America. They are now buying trees from Canada and North Carolina. I shared information on liner production but also went to the steep mountainsides of a coffee plantation to demonstrate planting and shearing techniques of their Guatemalan fir. Again, it was a nice feeling to know that I was able to help them.
For those who are worrying about NAFTA and nursery products flooding into the US, I can assure you that there is no danger of this in the near future.
SNA – WOW! It gets bigger and better every year. You can see the effects of the many people who have taken advantage of going to the IPM show in Germany. The quality of the booths and the international spirit of the Show is evident. It is a great time to be in the nursery business. It is my job to TRY to keep up with the information coming out concerning our industry. I run hard but I am falling behind. The SNA research conference offers so much to our industry. It is the only one of its kind in the US. It is a tribute to the Past Presidents of SNA and Dr. Bryson James that this has become one of the best forums for nursery research anywhere.
Another forum for information that every grower in this industry should be involved in is the International Plant Propagator’s Society (IPPS). Their meeting is scheduled for October 2–6, 1999 in Mobile, Alabama. Nowhere else in this industry will you find such a blend of industry and university people who come together to follow the motto of the Society “Seek and Share”. If you need more information, the program is published in the last newsletter or email or call me to send you a program (334-844-5484).
The SNA Southern Plant Conference, sponsored by the Southern Nursery Association, will be hosted by the Virginia Nursery & Landscape Association, and will be held in Richmond, VA, September 23 - 25, 1999. The event is termed as "a must-attend event" by most participants. The 1997 SPC was attended by nearly 200 industry members from across the USA and in particular, the southeast. The Southern Plant Conference is a biennial event which alternates throughout the southeatern United States. This unique event is designed to educate and promote new plant varieties and reduce the time needed to bring new and exciting plants to market. Presentations will be offered by internationally recognized plant experts. For more information on the Southern Plant Conference please contact the Southern Nursery Association at 770.973.9026 or fax 770.973.9097.
Unfortunately, Alabama’s Christmas tree conference will be held at the same time as the plant conference so I will have to miss this year's program. If you have an interest in Christmas trees and would like to join us this year, the program is listed below. It is at Gulf Shores so it is a great opportunity for a family affair.
The Alabama Certified Nursery Professional program is designed for Retail Garden Center employees. Dates for this training program are August 31-September 3. About 12 to 15 faculty members are involved in training in all areas of horticulture. The largest segment of the training is given by Dr. Harry Ponder, who just won the National American Horticulture Society Award for teaching. This is a valuable program for your employees and business. Contact Linda Van Dyke, Executive Director of the Alabama Nurserymen’s Association for more information and registration. (334-821-5148).
As usual, I am getting carried way with the great things that are available to our industry. I can not do it all and I know you can not either but try to taste some of the wonderful things that are out there and GET INVOLVED.
The following articles are featured in this month's Something to Grow On:ALABAMA CHRISTMAS TREE ASSOCIATION MEETING PROGRAM
MAINTENANCE CHECK LISTS TO KEEP YOUR GREENHOUSE HOT AND COLD
AUBURN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WIN AWARDS
STUDENT PAPER: BITTERCRESS SIZE INFLUENCES POSTEMERGENCE CONTROL FROM GALLERY
STUDENT PAPER: PANSY TOLERANCE TO PREEMERGENCE APPLIED HERBICIDES
STUDENT PAPER: EVALUATION OF FLOWER COLOR AND TASTE TO CONTROL FEEDING DAMAGE BY WHITE-TAILED DEER
AG CENTER - A NEW WEBSITE TO INVESTIGATE
JACKIE MULLEN'S PLANT PATHOLOGY REPORT
DISCLAIMER: Please remember that all information presented is a summary of research and not an endorsement of any product or a recommendation of chemicals. The official labels from the manufacturing companies offer the legal and proper use and handling information for all products.
The American Society for Horticultural Science nomination form for the ASHS Outstanding Extension Educator Award asks respondents to elaborate on the major contributions on which the nomination of a person is based, with explanations as to why the nominee is "especially well qualified to receive this award". The criteria listed on the form are as follows: CONGRATULATIONS, KEN!!!
1. A noteworthy career in horticultual extension education leading to an effective program of unusual impact in the horticultural industry of the nominee's state or district and which, in addition, has provided significant leadership to other extension-type efforts or programs.Ken Tilt was nominated for, and was presented this award at the 96th Annual International Conference of ASHS in Minneapolis on July 28th. His supporting letters from a wide range of industry professionals and educators spoke volumes as to why he should receive this award. Many congratulations, Ken, for a job well done.2. Outstanding and innovative activities, projects, and/or methods that brought about substantial and desirable changes in the horticultural industry in the nominee's state or district.
3. Other major contributions, activities, and services to the horticultural industry and the profession as an extension horticulturist, including special assignments (domestic and/or foreign), participation in ASHS activities (national and/or regional), membership and participation in other professional and/or industry organizations, and preparation and/or use of special audiovisual aids.
4. Leadership in horticultural extension education.
ALABAMA CHRISTMAS TREE ASSOCIATION MEETING PROGRAM
September 17, 18 and 19
at the
Quality Inn Beachside Resort Hotel, Gulf Shores, Alabamain cooperation with:
Alabama Cooperative Extension System
and Fontaine's Choose and Cut Christmas Tree FarmFRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 17:
Early bird arrivals: Set up Christmas trees and wreaths for judging; set up exhibitions; meet at 6:30 p.m. at the registration table if you would like to go to dinner together.SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 18:
7:30 A.M.
Registration begins. Visit exhibitions.8:30 A.M.
Opening bell and official welcome by BEN GRAVES, President8:45-9:15 A.M.
KEN TILT, Auburn University
Growing Your Own Christmas Tree Seedlings9:15-9:45 A.M.
NANCY ZEIGLER, Zeigler's Christmas Tree Farm, Sylacauga
Tis the Season for TV, Radio and Print Media9:45-10:05 A.M.
CHAZZ HESSELEIN, Auburn University
Research Results for Use of Growth Regulators for Shaping Leyland Cypress10:05-10:20 A.M.
Break10:20-11:20 A.M.
Membership Sharing Time11:20-12:15 P.M.
Business Meeting12:15-12:45 P.M.
Travel to George and Jean Fontaine's Choose and Cut Farm, Silverhill, AL12:45-1:45 P.M.
Lunch on the Farm sponsored by Alabama Farmers Federation.1:45-5:00 P.M.
Farm Tour and Demonstrations5:00 P.M.
Return to Quality Inn6:30-7:30 P.M.
Pre-dinner get-together-and-talk-about-it. Silent auction continues.7:30-8:30 P.M.
Down-Home-Alabama Get Together. Good people, good food (Seafood Buffet, with chicken for the non-seafood eaters), awards and door prizes.8:30-UNTIL...
Young folks and young-at-heart continue on. Old folks take an evening stroll along the beach.SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 19
8:00 A.M.
Breakfast at the Quality Inn (additional time for sharing).Visit other Christmas Tree Farms on your own.
MAINTENANCE CHECK LISTS TO KEEP YOUR GREENHOUSE HOT AND COLD
The care and maintenance of greenhouse heating and cooling equipment is essential for success. You cannot wait until systems malfunction as that could result in the loss of valuable greenhouse crops as well as potential equipment failure. GrowerTalks Summer 1999 issue published two lists that we want to share with you:
WHAT TO DO MONTHLY DURING EQUIPMENT USE
- 1. Check heater and fan belts for correct tension and signs of wear. Keep a supply of replacement belts and pulleys on hand.
- 2. Oil nonsealed bearings on motors and fan shafts.
- 3. Check heater pilot or electronic ignition for proper function.
- 4. View flame for proper color and size.
- 5. Make sure chimney vent is working properly and vent pipe doesn't show excessive soot accumulation, which would indicate a combustion problem.
- 6. Check heater fresh air inlet and make sure it's functioning.
- 7. Oil fan louvers.
- 8. Clean strainer or evaporative cooling pad systems. Provide algae control in the water for the pads.
- 9. Check water pH and soluble salt levels in cooling pad water. Correct the pH to the 6.0 to 9.0 range and reduce salt buildup by allowing a small amount of water to bleed off. Make sure water flow is adequate to keep the pad system saturated.
WHAT TO DO AT LEAST YEARLY, OR MORE OFTEN AS REQUIRED
- 1. Check heat exchanger for cracks. This check would make most sense in the fall.
- 2. Replace heater fuel filters.
- 3. Check all fuel valves and pumps for proper function.
- 4. Check fuel nozzles, electrode adjustments, electrical controls, limit switches and fuel pressures.
- 5. Check chimneys and vent caps for debris (bird nests are a favorite), cracks and rust holes.
- 6. Replace polyethylene ventilation tubes.
- 7. Conduct a combustion test. This generally measures carbon dioxide output and other products of combustion.
- 8. Check fan motor and fan blades for proper function and wear.
- 9. Calibrate thermostats.
Three Auburn University horticulture students were honored at the SNA Researchers' Awards Luncheon on July 29th at the Georgia World Congress Center in Atlanta. Two were winners of the Bryson L. James Student Research Competition. Christine Harris was the second place winner in the Ph.D. division and Amy Riggs was first place winner in the undergraduate division. Both students were given monetary awards and plaques for their accomplishments. James Altland competed for and was awarded a $2,000 Sidney B. Meadows Scholarship. He will graduate with a master's degree this summer and will begin work on his Ph.D. in horticulture at Auburn in the fall quarter. Many congratulations. AUBURN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WIN RESEARCH PAPER AWARDS
Hairy bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta) can become a serious weed problem in container nurseries. When a proper weed management program is not maintained, bittercress can be one of the most prolific weeds to infest nursery containers. Growers have indicated that control from Gallery varies and might be dependent on bittercress size. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of Gallery rate and bittercress size on postemergence bittercress control. STUDENT PAPER: BITTERCRESS SIZE INFLUENCES POSTEMERGENCE CONTROL FROM GALLERY
'Natchez' crape myrtle were potted and grown in full sun and allowed to develop natural populations of bittercress. Containers were divided into 3 groups based on bittercress size, which were characterized as being small, intermediate, or large. Bittercress characterized as small were from 1 to 5 cm (0.4 to 2.0 in.) tall and not flowering, intermediate bittercress were from 10 to 12 cm (4.0 to 4.8 in.) tall and flowering, and large bittercress were from 20 to 22 cm (8.0 to 8.7 in.) tall, flowering and bearing seed. Prior to treatment, containers were selectively weeded so only bittercress remained. Treatments were applied the same day, and included Gallery, Image, and a non-treated control. Treatments were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer. At the time of treatment, 'Natchez' crape myrtle were 14 to 18 in. tall and just beginning to leaf out.
14 (days after treatment) DAT, bittercress control increased linearly with increasing Gallery rate. Bittercress size at the time of treatment affected postemergence control from Gallery. Gallery provided excellent control of small bittercress (92%), moderate control of intermediate size bittercress (71.5%), and poor control of large bittercress (48%). Shoot fresh weight of small bittercress were 98% smaller than non-treated controls; intermediate size bittercress were 70% smaller than non-treated controls; and large bittercress were only 12% smaller than non-treated controls. There were no signs of visual injury or growth reduction in 'Natchez' crape myrtle from any treatment.
These data indicate that Gallery at the recommended rate can provide effective postemergence bittercress control if applied while bittercress are small [less than 6 cm (2.5 in)] and not flowering. This provides nurserymen with another weed management tool when preemergence weed control programs fail to provide adequate bittercress control.
(Excerpted from paper by James E. Altland, Charles H. Gilliam, John W. Olive, Department of Horticulture, Auburn University).
Weed control in newly planted annual beds can be a difficult, time consuming process. Current industry trends are for increasing use of annual beds in commercial landscapes to provide season-long color. Several studies have evaluated herbicide use on summer annuals; however, limited information is available on fall planted annuals. Pansy is one of the most widely planted fall annuals in the Southeastern United States and may provide color from October through May in many locations. Little information is available on herbicide safety to pansies. The objective of this study was to determine pansy tolerance to selected preemergence herbicides. Two cultivars of pansies, "Bingo" and "Majestic Giant" were selected for this study. Plants were potted and placed under 47% shade and treated with herbicides. A control group was untreated. Plants received overhead, cyclic irrigation as needed. Data collected included phytotoxicity at 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after treatment (DAT) on a scale on 1 to 10 where 1 = no injury and 10 = plant death. At 90 DAT flower numbers were counted and plant dry weights were recorded. STUDENT PAPER: PANSY TOLERANCE TO PREEMERGENCE APPLIED HERBICIDES
Results were generally similar between the two cultivars, therefore only the data for "Bingo" was presented in the study. Herbicides causing no injury at any time to "Bingo" pansy were: Treflan, Corral, and Factor. Initial injury measured at 15 DAT occurred only with granular applied herbicides Ronstar, RegalKade, and RegalStar; however, by 60 DAT plants had recovered from the damage. By 30 DAT Gallery and Princep caused moderate to severe injury, which continued throughout the study. Plants treated with Pendulum 60 WDG began to exhibit injury symptoms by 60 DAT and these continued until the study was terminated. Injury symptoms were not observed on Surflan treated plants until 90 DAT; however, plant dry weights of Surflan treated plants were smaller than non-treated control plant. Other herbicides causing suppression of dry plant weights were Pendulum 60 WDG, Gallery, and Princep.
(Excerpted from paper by Amy M. Riggs, Charles H. Gilliam and J. Raymond Kessler Jr. Department of Horticulture, Auburn University)
Feeding damage by white-tailed deer to ornamental plants is a problem for nurserymen and landscape professionals in the Southeastern United States. Possible strategies to control deer are fences, scare tactics (noise, human and predator scents, etc.), and in some cases harvesting. Fences are costly and may be obtrusive additions to landscape situations. Scare tactics work only temporarily as deer become accustomed to the nuisance. Shooting is often an unacceptable alternative outside the legal hunting season and in urban and suburban environments. Chemical repellency is one of the most selective and cost effective approaches to preventing deer feeding damage on ornamental plants. STUDENT PAPER: EVALUATION OF FLOWER COLOR AND TASTE TO CONTROL FEEDING DAMAGE BY WHITE-TAILED DEER
Most strategies for controlling white-tailed deer feeding damage to horticultural commodities (ornamentals and vegetables) are based on repulsion of the animal through its senses of smell and taste. Deer may refuse a plant based on taste, smell, or post-ingestional side effects. Deer are known to have marked preferences for certain plant species. Little information, however, is available concerning deer feeding preference on the basis of color.
Several products containing thiram (a fungicide also marketed as Deer and Rabbit Repellent), garlic, putrescent egg solids, or capsaicin (pepper spray) have been shown to have deer repellent properties and are components of several commercial products. While these products do provide some level of repellency, the protection provided by putrescent egg solids is the most promising. The objectives of this study were to further evaluate a spray containing putrescent whole egg solids as a deer feeding deterrent, and to gain a better understanding of deer feeding preference on the basis of flower color.
The study was conducted at the Auburn University Deer Research Facility. Pine trees inside the enclosure provided approximately 60% shade. Seven deer were contained within the pen. No green vegetation was available to the deer other than that provided in the study. Water and a balanced pelleted ration were available as needed. Impatiens (Impatiens wallerana L.) were grown off site in pots. Deer Away® (Woodstream Corporation, PA) putrescent egg spray was applied to the leaves of the plants prior to placement in the pen. After being sprayed, pots were individually staked with a metal hook within the pen to prevent movement and spillage. Plants were watered daily. Pots were placed randomly inside the pen and clearly labeled according to treatment.
Flower color of impatiens was divided into 5 subjective groups: white, pink, purple, orange, and red. Feeding damage on each plant was rated daily for 7 days. There was no significant interaction between flower color and the egg-based treatment. There was a significant difference between feeding damage on impatiens treated with putrescent egg spray versus the untreated control. Putrescent whole egg solids make for an especially effective repellent. Feeding damage increased to only 19% by Day 6 possibly due to a lack of untreated plants (92% were destroyed). Although color may show an effect on feeding preference for some species, there was no significant effect of color on deer feeding preference for impatiens.
Feeding damage by white-tailed deer is of serious concern not only for growers, landscape professionals, nurserymen, and homeowners in Alabama, but also across the United States. With an estimated 25 million deer in the nation, deer feeding damage is far from being an isolated problem. With an increasing understanding of deer feeding preferences and the promise of new active ingredients such as putrescent egg solids, feeding damage by white-tailed deer may be reduced.
(Excerpted from a paper by Christine E. Harris, Eric H. Simonne, and D. Joseph Eakes Auburn University, AL).
Lest we forget where we started, I read this Confucius statement while in China. "A craftsman, if he means to do good work, must first sharpen his tools". This statement brought a rush of pleasant memories of the daily knife, spade and pruner sharpening during my early years in the landscape industry. The statement applies to all things we do. It is good to preplan and be prepared for any task or job, whether, actually sharpening a tool, developing a nursery planting, diagnosing plant problems, or doing a landscape design or construction job. TOOLS
(from HortMemo by Winn Dunwell, University of Kentucky).
Information on the Internet is growing rapidly. The EPA and USDA, through a special partnership, have worked together and recently created "Ag Center", to help agriculture comply with environmental requirements. The plan is to make this a very user friendly site to provide information to producers and others interested in regulations that impact different sectors of agriculture. The current sectors covered include animals, crops, forestry, and nurseries & greenhouses. Much more is to be added. The URL is: http://www.epa.gov/oeca/ag/. AG CENTER - A NEW WEB SITE TO INVESTIGATE
(From Jim Hairston, ACES Water Quality Coordinator, Auburn University)
MONTHLY PLANT PROBLEM REPORT FROM THE PLANT DIAGNOSTIC LAB-JUNE JACKIE MULLEN'S PLANT PATHOLOGY REPORT
Monthly Plant Problem Report
Much of June was dry until the last week of the month. But, in spite of the dry conditions, June was (as usual) one of the busiest months of the year for plant sample submission with 214 plant samples submitted, processed, and responded to.Biotic diseases included Pythium crown/root rot on chrysanthemum; Cercospora leaf spot on crape myrtle; root knot nematode on daylily; anthracnose on Eleagnus; anthracnose on English ivy, anthracnose on liriope; Cercospora leaf spot on pansy; Phytophthora aerial blight on petunia; Cercospora leaf spot on pittosporum; and Phytophthora crown rot on annual periwinkle.
Phytophthora aerial blight on annual periwinkle and petunia was a common problem last month. Stems and leaves developed a gray blight/leaf spots. Eventually the whole plant will become blighted and dead. Disease spreads when prolonged wet conditions exist. Disease control is difficult. Damaged plants should be removed. Replacement with plants other than petunia and periwinkle is recommended. (Dianthus may show some susceptibility.) In many situations, fungicides are not terribly effective. Soil drainage should be improved and irrigation schedules should be reduced, if possible.
DISEASES SEEN IN THE PLANT DIAGNOSTIC LAB IN JUNE
PLANT DISEASE COUNTY Begonia Pythium Crown Rot Jefferson Chrysanthemum Pythium Crown/Root Rot Elmore Crape Myrtle Cercospora Leaf Spot Baldwin Daylily Root Knot Nematode Baldwin Ivy, English Anthracnose (Colletotrichum) Tuscaloosa Liriope Anthracnose (Colletotrichum) Jefferson Pansy Cercospora Leaf Spot Lee Petunia Phytophthora Crown Rot Jefferson Vinca (Annual - Periwinkle) Phytophthora Crown Rot Cullman
Disease Possibilities For July
In July we usually continue to see our 'June' summer diseases. The table below lists some of the diseases which arrived in our lab during previous Julys. Brief comments on disease symptoms and control recommendations are included. For specific disease control recommendations, see the Alabama Pest Management Handbook or 1999 Sprays Guides. Also remember that sanitation is a necessary component of most disease control programs.
| PLANT | DISEASE | DESCRIPTION | CONTROL |
| ASH | Anthracnose (Apiognomonia) | Irregular brown blotches of variable sizes occur along leaf edges and along leaf veins mostly. | Sanitation. |
| ASTER | Southern Blight Sclerotium | Decay of stem at soil line; white mycelium (sometimes with brown-black mustard-seed-sized sclerotia may be present) often at soil line. | Soil solarization. |
| AUCUBA | Botryiodiplodia Canker/Dieback | Black cankers on stems. | Pruning; Cleary's 3336. |
| AZALEA | Bacterial Leaf Spot | Black irregular spots; water soaked spot edges. | Strict sanitation. Do not water over-head. |
| AZALEA | Colletotrichum Leaf Spot | Small, circular brown leaf spots. | Sanitation; protective sprays of Cleary's 3336. |
| AZALEA | Phytophthora Root Crown/Rot) | Brown, water-soaked areas on crown and roots; outer root cortex slips easily away from inner tissues. | Sanitation; good drainage; fungicide drenches. |
| AZALEA | Phomopsis Dieback (Stress-related) | Sunken cankers that cause dieback of individual branches. | Pruning; eliminate stress. |
| BEGONIA | Pythium Root Rot | Roots become soft, brown and water-soaked. | Sanitation. See the Alabama Pest Management Handbook. |
| BEGONIA | Rhizoctonia Aerial Blight | Leaves become brown spotted, blighted and shredded. | Cleary's 3336, Domain, benomyl products labelled for ornamentals; sanitation. |
| CHRYSANTHEMUM | Bacterial Leaf Spot | Angular, small, black leaf spots. | See the Alabama Pest Management Handbook. |
| CRABAPPLE | Cedar-Apple Rust (Gymnosporangium) | Large (3-5 mm), bright yellow spots; on underside of leaf spots, orange pustules may be present. | See Alabama Pesticide Handbook. |
| DAYLILY | Southern Blight Sclerotium rolfsii) | Crown rot; white mold at crown. | Sanitation; rotation to turf; solarization.. |
| DELPHINIUM | Fusarium Root Rot | Roots become brown and dried. | Crop rotate away from Delphinium, Zinnia. |
| DOGWOOD | Botrytis Leaf Spot/Blight | Brown-gray leaf spots/blotches. | Cleary's, Domain. |
| DOGWOOD | Cercospora & Seporia Leaf Spots | Round-angular, brown spots (2-4 mm). | Sanitation; See Alabama Pest Management Handbook. |
| DOGWOOD | Spot Anthracnose (Elsinoe) | Tiny red spots on bracts and leaves. | See Alabama Pest Management Handbook. |
| FERN | Pythium Root Rot | Brown, watersoaked roots. | See Pest Management Handbook. |
| GERANIUM | Botrytis Blight | Blossoms become gray-brown and limp. | Sanitation; see the Alabama Pest Management Handbook. |
| GERANIUM | Phytophthora Root Rot | Roots become brown, water-soaked. | See the Alabama Pest Management Handbook. |
| GERANIUM | Xanthomonas campestris pv pelargonii | Leaves develop black spots. Stems develop black rot areas. The bacerial infection will become systemic and eventually plants will wilt. | Sanitation. |
| HAWTHORNE | Cedar-Hawthorne Rust | Bright yellow spots on leaves and fruit of apple, crabapple, hawthorne. Aecial orange cups develop in spots. (Cedars develop cankers). | See ANR-468. |
| HIBISCUS | Fusarium Stem/Root Rot | Dark brown, dry stem decay lesion. | Sanitation. Protective treatment spray of Cleary's 3336. |
| HYDRANGEA | Cercospora Leaf Spot | Irregular brown lesions of variable sizes develop on leaves. | Sanitation; Cleary's 3336 or Domain protective sprays. |
| IMPATIENS | Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus | New growth is dwarfed and stunted; foliage may show yellowing spots/patterns or black spots/patterns. | Sanitation; Thrips control with insecticides. |
| IMPATIENS | Phytophthora Crown & Root Rot | Medium brown, wet, soft rot of lower stem and roots. | Sanitation; see Alabama Pest Management Handbook. |
| IMPATIENS | Pythium Root Rot | Medium brown, wet, soft rot of lower stem and roots. | Sanitation; see the Alabama Pest Management Handbook. |
| IMPATIENS | Rhizoctonia Crown Rot | Dark brown, dried crown/rot. | Sanitation; See the Alabama Pest Management Handbook. |
| IVY, ENGLISH | Alternaria Leaf Spot | Large, brown-black, sometimes zonate, circular-oval spots (3-5 mm diam.). | See the Alabama Pest Management Handbook. |
| IVY, ENGLISH | Bacterial Leaf Spot | Angular, black, water-soaked spots (2-3 mm diam.). | Sanitation; see the Alabama Pest Management Handbook. |
| IVY, ENGLISH | Phyllosticta Leaf Spot | Brown, circular to oval leaf spots. | See recommendations for Alternaria. |
| IVY, ENGLISH | Phytophthora Root Rot | Brown, water-soaked root decay. | Sanitation; see the Alabama Pest Management Handbook. |
| JUNIPER | Phytophthora Root Rot | Roots become brown, soft, and water-soaked. | Sanitation. See the Alabama Pesticide Handbook. |
| JUNIPER | Twig Blight (Phomopsis) | Brown twig tips; small cankers at base of small twigs. | Sanitation. Cleary's 3336, Domain, or a benomyl fungicide labelled for ornamentals. |
| LIGUSTRUM | Colletortrichum Leaf Spot | Medium brown circular-irregular leaf spots. | Sanitation. See Alabama Pest Management Handbook. |
| LILAC | Phytophthora Root Rot | Roots become brown and water-soaked. | Subdue 2E may be used as a protective treatment. First test a few plants to be sure phytotoxicity is not a problem. |
| LIRIOPE | Colletotrichum Leaf Spot | Brown, circular-irregular leaf spots (2-10 mm diam). When spots coalesce, a large portion of leaf may turn brown and die. Often leaf tips are affected. | Sanitation; Cleary's 3336, Domain, or a benomyl fungicide labelled for ornamentals. |
| MAGNOLIA, JAPANESE | Bacterial Leaf Spot | Brown, irregular leaf spots with water-soaked margins. | Strict sanitation. |
| MAPLE | Anthracnose (Kabatiella) | Large, light-brown irregular spots and blotches may kill whole leaves; spots often follow leaf veins. | Sanitation; fungicide sprays. |
| MAPLE | Phyllosticta Leaf Spot | Spots are circular-irregular, and have brown centers with purple margins (1/8" - 1/2" diam). | Sanitation; fungicide sprays. |
| MAPLE | Ganoderma Wood/Wood Rot | Dieback; brown wood rot. | Sanitation. |
| OAK | Anthracnose(Apiognomonia) | Brown blotches often along leaf veins or leaf edges. | Sanitation; See Alabama Pest Management Handbook for small oak trees. |
| OAK | Oak Leaf Blister(Taphrina) | Round, slightly convex-concave light brown leaf spots (4-5 mm diam). | Sanitation; See Alabama Pest Management Handbook for small oak trees. |
| OAK | Phyllosticta Leaf Spot | Circular, brown spots (2-4 mm diam). | Sanitation. |
| OAK | Slime Flux | A foul smelling ooze runs down trunk surface. Initial infection of fungi, bacteria, and yeast develops in wound area. | Sanitation of infection area when it is still localized. |
| PAMPAS GRASS | Piricularia Leaf Spot | Gray-brown circular leaf spots. | Cleary's 3336. |
| PERIWINKLE | Anthracnose (Colletotrichum) | Brown, sunken cankers on stem sections. | Cleary's 3336, Domain, or WP benomyl; Sanitation. |
| PERIWINKLE | Phomopsis Blight | Brown, sunken cankers on stem sections. | Cleary's, Domain or WP benomyl; Sanitation. |
| PERIWINKLE | Phytophthora Aerial Blight | Dark brown, black cankers encircle stems and cause wilt and disback. | Sanitation. |
| PERIWINKLE | Rhizoctonia Aerial Blight/ Crown Rot | Lower leaves and lower stem near the soil line become browned and decayed. | See Alabama Pest Management Handbook; Sanitation. |
| PETUNIA | Phytophthora Foliage Blight/Root Rot | Foliage develops spots, blight, collapse. | Sanitation. |
| PHOTINIA | Bacterial Leaf Spot | Brown, irregular leaf spots with water-soaked edges. | strict sanitation. |
| PHOTINIA | Entomosporium Leaf Spot | Red-black circular leaf spots. | See Alabama Pest Management Handbook. |
| PINE, VIRGINIA | Pitch Canker Fusarium | Sunken lesions on branches/trunk with resin flow. | Sanitation. |
| PINE, LOBLOLLY | Pythium Root Rot | Brown, water-soaked roots. | See Alabama Pest Management Handbook. |
| POINSETTIA | Pythium Root Rot | Roots become soft, brown, water-soaked. | See the Alabama Pest Management Handbook. |
| PYRACANTHA | Southern Blight (Sclerotium) | See Aster. | Solarization. |
| RHODODENDRON | Botryosphaeria Canker | Sunken, brown, dried, cracked, elliptical lesions develop on branches. | Sanitation. Protective spray of Cleary's 3336 or Domain. |
| ROSE | Cercospora rosicola Leaf Spot | Circular brown spots. | See Alabama Pest Management Handbook for black spot. |
| SNAPDRAGON | Phytophthora Root Rot | Roots become brown and watersoaked. | See Alabama Pest Management Handbook. |
| SYCAMORE | Powdery Mildew | White powdery substance on leaves. | See Alabama Pest Management Handbook. |
| SYCAMORE | Scorch (Xylella) | Leaves become brown and dried at the margins. | Tree pruning; tree removal. |
| VERBENA | Fusarium Crown Rot | Brown, lower stem rot. | Cleary's drenches may help. |
| VINCA MINOR | Anthracnose Colletotrichum) | Brown, irregular spots develop leaves. | Sanitation. Cleary's 3336, Domain or a benomyl product labelled for ornamentals. |
| VINCA MINOR | Pythium Root Rot | Roots become brown and water-soaked. | Aliette protective treatments or Subdue 2E. (Test a few plants for phytotoxicity). |
| VINCA MINOR | Rhizoctonia Stem Blight | Brown lesions near soil line. | Sanitation. Cleary's 3336 or benomyl protective sprays. |
August 5-8, 1999:
National Christmas Tree Association Annual Meeting.
1000 Exec. Parkway, Suite 220, St. Louis, MO 63141-6372; E-mail info at christree.org; Website http://www.christree.org; Phone 314-205-0944; Fax 314-576-7989.August 6-8, 1999:
TAN-MISSLARK
Dallas Convention Center, Dallas, TX.
Phone 800-880-0343; E-mail plantx@onr.comAugust 8-10, 1999:
Missouri Landscape & Nursery Association Meeting & Trade Show
Columbia, MO. Phone 816-233-1481; Fax 816-233-4774.August 19-22, 1999:
1999 International Master Gardener Conference and Trade Show
San Antonio, TX. Contact Dr. Calvin Finch at finch@tamu.edu. Homepage at http://mastergardener.tamu.eduAugust 20-21, 1999:
North Carolina Association of Nurserymen (NCAN) Charlotte Show.
Charlotte Merchandise Mart, Charlotte, NC
Phone 919-266-3322; Fax 919-266-2137.August 27-29, 1999:
Farwest Show.
Portland, Oregon.
Phone 800-342-6401.August 31-September 3, 1999:
August 31-September 3, 1999:
160 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, AL.
For more information contact Linda Van Dyke at P.O. Box 9, Auburn, AL 36831-0009; phone 334-821-5148; fax 334-821-9111.1999 National Urban Forest Conference: Building Cities of Green.
Seattle, Washington. Contact Dan DeWald: 425-452-6048.September 10-11, 1999:
TNA's "Tennessee America's Nursery" Trade Show and Conference.
Opryland Hotel Convention Center, Nashville, TN. Contact TNA at 931-473-3971; fax 931-473-5883; e-mail nurseryassn@blomand.netSeptember 15-18, 1999:
Eastern Region International Plant Propagators' Society Annual Meeting.
Minneapolis, MN. Contact Margot Bridgen, 26 Woodland Road, Storrs, CT 06268. Phone 860-429-6818; Fax 860-429-6665September 17-19, 1999:
Alabama Christmas Tree Association Annual Meeting
The Quality Inn Beachside Resort Hotel, Gulf Shores, AL. Contact Ken Tilt @334-844-5484; email ktilt@acesag.auburn.eduSeptember 17-18, 1999:
Tennessee Nursery & Landscape Association "TENNESSEE AMERICA'S NURSERY" 23rd Annual Trade Show and Conf.
Opryland Hotel & Conv. Ctr., Nashville, TN.
E-mail Tnurseryassn@blomand.net; www.tnla.com; Phone 931-473-3951; Fax 931-473-5883.September 23-25, 1999:
6th Biennial Southern Plant Conference.
Richmond, VA. Contact SNA at 770-973-9026; SNA Infoline at 770-973-4636; http://www.sna.orgOctober 3-6, 1999:
Southern Region International Plant Propagators' Society.
Mobile, AL. Contact David Morgan: 817-882-4148, SR IPPS, P.O. Box 1868, Ft. Worth, TX 76101; e-mail dmorgan@bsipublishing.comOctober 8 and 9, 1999:
Middle Tennessee Nursery Association Horticulture Trade Show.
Civic Center, McMinnville, Tennessee. For more information call Ann Halcomb, Exec. Sec., at 931-668-7322, fax 931-668-9601; e-mail: MTNA@blomand.net
http://www.growit.com/MTNANovember 4-6, 1999:
Gulf Coast Native Plant Conference.
Camp Beckwith, Fairhope, Alabama.
Featuring four habitats with guided field trips. For more information contact Thayer Dodd, Conference Coordinator, at 1-888-808-3633.November 10-12, 1999:
1999 Alabama Fruit and Vegetable Growers Conference.
Holiday Inn South, Dothan, AL.
For more information e-mail: Joe Kemble (jkemble@acesag.auburn.edu) or Arlie Powell (apowell@acesag.auburn.edu).November 13-16, 1999:
ALCA Landscape and Ground Maintenance Conference.
Baltimore, Maryland. Contact ALCA at 800-395-2522. http://www.alca.orgJanuary 19-21, 2000:
Mid-AM Trade Show.
Navy Pier, Chicago, IL. Contact Don W. Sanford at 847-526-2010, fax 847-526-3993; e-mail midam@mc.netJanuary 29-February 2, 2000:
Southern Region American Society for Horticultural Science Annual Convention.
Lexington, KY. Contact Paul Smeal at 1107 Kentwood Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060-5656, 540-552-4085; fax 540-953-0805; e-mail psmeal@vt.eduFebruary 3-6, 2000:
The Management Clinic.
Galt House, Louisville, KT. Contact ANLA at 202-789-2900; http://www.anla.orgMarch 18, 2000 - September 17, 2000:
Japan Flora 2000 'Communication Between Man and Nature'.
Awaji Island, Japan. See http://web.pref.hyogo.jp/jpnflora/english/index.htm or Meg VanSchoorl at MVANSCHOOR@agr.wa.govJune 1-3, 1999:
Mid-South Greenhouse Growers Conference.
Ramada Inn - Southwest Conference Center in Jackson, MS. More information will be available soon or you can contact Allen Owings, Extension Horticulturist at LSU.July 8-12, 2000:
Ohio Florists' Association Short Course and Trade Show.
Greater Columbus Convention Center. Contact OFA at 614-487-1117; e-mail ofa@ofa.org; web: http://www.ofa.orgJuly 11-16, 2000:
American Nursery & Landscape Association Annual Convention.
Location TBA; contact ANLA at 202-789-2900; http://www.anla.orgJuly 14-18, 2000:
Ohio Florists' Association Short Course and Trade Show.
Greater Columbus Convention Center. Contact OFA at 614-487-1117; e-mail ofa@ofa.org; web: http://www.ofa.orgJuly 16-19, 2000:
American Society for Horticultural Science 97th International Conference.
Disney Coronado Springs Resort, Orlando, FL. Contact ASHS at 703-836-4606; fax 703-836-2024; e-mail ashs@ashs.orgAugust 3-6, 2000:
SNA 2000 - Southern Nurserymen's Association Researchers' Conference and Trade Show.
Georgia World Congress Center, Atlanta, GA. Contact SNA at 770-973-9026; SNA Infoline at 770-973-4636; http://www.ag.uiuc.edu/~isaSeptember 15-16, 2000:
TNA's "Tennessee America's Nursery" Trade Show and Conference.
Opryland Hotel Convention Center, Nashville, TN. Contact TNA at931-473-3971; fax 931-473-5883; e-mail tnurseryassn@blomand.netOctober 1-4, 2000:
Eastern Region International Plant Propagators' Society Annual Meeting.
Hyatt Regency Oak Brook, Chicago, IL. Contact Margot Bridgen, 26 Woodland Road, Storrs, CT 06268; phone 860-429-6818; e-mail mbippser@neca.comOctober 8-11, 2000:
Southern Region International Plant Propagators' Society.
Norfolk, VA. Contact David Morgan at 817-882-4148; fax 817-882-4121, SR IPPS, P.O. Box 1868, Ft. Worth, TX 76101; e-mail dmorgan@bsipublishing.comJanuary 27-31, 2001:
Southern Region American Society for Horticultural Science Annual Convention.
Fort Worth, TX. Contact Paul Smeal at 1107 Kentwood Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060-5656, 540-552-4085; fax 540-953-0805, e-mail psmeal@vt.eduAugust 2-5, 2001:
SNA 2001 - Southern Nurserymen's Association Researcher's Conference and Trade Show.
Georgia World Congress Center, Atlanta, GA. Contact SNA at 770-973-9026; SNA Infoline at 770-973-4636; http://www.sna.orgJanuary 27 - January 31, 2001:
Southern Region American Society for Horticultural Science Annual Convention.
Fort Worth, TX. Contact Paul Smeal, 1107 Kentwood Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24065-5656; phone 540-552-4085; fax 540-953-0805; e-mail: psmeal@vt.eduAugust 2-5, 2001:
Southern Nursery Association Resarcher's Conference and Trade Show.
Georgia World Congress Center, Atlanta, GA. Contact SNA at 770-973-9026; SNA Infoline: 770-973-9026; SNA Infoline: 770-973-4636; http://www.sna.orgSeptember 30 - October 3, 2001:
Eastern Region International Plant Propagators' Society Annual Meeting.
Lexington, KY. Contact Margot Bridgen, 26 Woodland Road, Storrs, CT 06268; phone 860-429-6818; e-mail mbippser@neca.comOctober 18-21, 2001:
Southern Region International Plant Propagators' Society.
Houston, TX. Contact David Morgan at 817-882-4148; fax: 817-882-4121; SR IPPS, P.O. Box 1868, Ft. Worth, TX 76101; e-mail: dmorgan@bsipublishing.com
Send questions and comments to bfischma@acesag.auburn.edu.
Letters to Bernice Fischman - 101 Funchess Hall - Auburn University, AL 36849.
