Plant Pathology Report

DISEASE DESCRIPTIONS AND BRIEF CONTROL COMMENTS
ON SOME COMMON DISEASES OFTEN SEEN IN MARCH

(APMH = The Alabama Pest Management Handbook)

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PLANT DISEASE DESCRIPTION CONTROL

APPLE, PEAR Fireblight (Erwinia) Flowers, pedicels, and leaves become black or dark brown and limp; canker development. Sanitation, See APMH, see ANR-542.

AZALEA Botryosphaeria Canker Sunken cracked lesions on branches. Often this canker follows cold injury or some other type of wound. Stressed plants are often involved. Sanitation.

AZALEA Botrytis Petal Blight Large irregular areas of blossoms turn brown; brown areas are covered with a gray delicate webbing during humid weather. See APMH.

AZALEA Cercospora Leaf Spot Roughly circular-angular brown-black spots (about 0.5 cm diam.); spots are usually associated with stressed plants. Sanitation of fallen leaves. Maintain proper fertility and watering schedules. Protective sprays of Cleary's 3336 may be applied.

AZALEA Colletotrichum Leaf Spot Roughly circular brown-black leaf spots (about 0.5 cm diam.). Spots often associated with stressed plants. See Cercospora Leaf Spot.

AZALEA Exobasidium Gall Blossoms & leaves develop green-pink-white fleshy galls. Sanitation; See APMH.

AZALEA Ovulinia Petal Blight Small white-brown spots enlarge to become large browned areas on the blossoms. See APMH.

AZALEA Pestalotia Blight (Secondary) Gray-white dried blotches on foliage, often along leaf edges. Sanitation.

AZALEA Phytophthora Crown & Root Rot Crowns & roots become brown and water-soaked, then dried. Sanitation; See APMH.

AZALEA Rhizoctonia Aerial Blight Medium-dark brown spots or blotches on lower leaves may involve 50-100% of leaf area. Dead leaves will fall. See APMH.

BENTGRASS Pythium Blight Irregular areas of turf become water-soaked and then pale brown. See ANR-594.

BENTGRASS Ring Nematode Damage
(Criconemoides) Areas display stunting, yellowing, and dieback. See ANR-523.

BOXWOOD Macrophoma Blight-Stress During the winter, boxwood may change color and take-on a reddish tint. These discolored plants sometimes develop a more serious yellowing and blight with tiny black dots scattered on yellowed leaves; cankers may develop. This is generally a problem of stressed plants. Pruning; proper maintenance.

CAMELLIA Algal Leaf Spot (Cephaleuros) Green or green-red, slightly raised leaf spots with slightly wavy margins. Old spots have white centers. See the APMH.

CAMELLIA Colletotrichum Leaf Spot Round, light brown, circular spots which may contain brown-white-orange specks that are the spore bodies. Sanitation. Cleary's 3336 protective sprays.

CAMELLIA Ringspot Virus Yellow or brown rings develop on leaves. Plants may be stunted. Maintain plants with proper fertilization and water schedules.

CEDAR, RED
(JUNIPER) Cedar Apple Rust (Gymnosporangium) Large (1-3 inch diameter), woody galls on stems develop orange, jelly-like projections (one or more inches long) which protrude from the entire surface of the gall. Remove galls before orange "fingers" develop. Apply protective fungicide sprays to apple and crabapple. See APMH.

CEDAR, RED
(JUNIPER) Pestalotia Tip Blight Tips of twigs dieback. Water & fertilize to promote vigorous plants. Selective pruning.

CHERRY LAUREL Bacterial Leaf Spot (Xanthomonas) Medium to dark-brown circular or slightly irregular spots develop. As spots age, they dry and eventually the whole spot may fall out. Small, faint halos present sometimes. Sanitation; basic copper sulfate may give protective control. See APMH.

CHERRY LAUREL Cercospora Leaf Spot Irregular brown spots of variable size. Sanitation of leaves in the fall.
CLEYERA Anthracnose
(Colletotrichum) Reddish circular-irregularly shaped spots, blotches (about 5 mm diam.) scattered on leaves. Sanitation. Cleary's 3336 or Domain protective sprays.

EUONYMUS Anthracnose (Elsinoe) Brown circular-angular lesions on leaves. Sanitation. See the Alabama Pest Management Handbook.

GERANIUM Bacterial Blight
(Xanthomonas campestris
pv. Pelargonii) Black, angular, water-soaked spots on leaves and stems; wilt; dieback. Sanitation; See the APMH.

GERANIUM Pythium Stem & Root Rot Lower stems become black and rotted; roots also become brown or black and decayed. See the APMH.

GREENHOUSE CROPS Bacterial Leaf Spot Small-large, irregular, dark, wet-looking spots which often become dry in their centers and may have yellow zones or borders at their outer edges. Strict sanitation; eliminate overhead irrigation if possible; copper sprays help some. See APMH.

GREENHOUSE CROPS Botrytis Blight See Azalea. See APMH. Decrease humidity.

GREENHOUSE CROPS Downy Mildews Diffuse yellow spots on upper leaf surfaces with corresponding areas on lower leaf surfaces showing darker color, often with tan-gray fungal growth See APMH for specific controls.
GREENHOUSE CROPS Phytophthora Root Rot Roots become, brown, decayed, water-soaked; the outer cortex easily pulls away from the inner tissues. Sanitation. Check soil water relations and fertilizer levels. Chemical control depends on plant type.

HOSTA Pythium Crown Rot Brown, wet, water-soaked decay at lower stem near the soil line. Sanitation; improve soil drainage; rotate away from Hosta; Subdue 2E after test treatment.

INDIAN HAWTHORNE Entomosporium Leaf Spot Reddish spots with black centers. Sanitation. Protective fungicide sprays.

IRIS, BEARDED Heterosporium Leaf Spot Brown, usually elliptical, sometimes large (1-2 cm) spots. Sanitation. Protective sprays of Cleary's 3336.

JUNIPER Cedar Apple Rust
(Gymnosporangium virginianae,) Spherical woody galls develop on twigs and branches; with warm wet weather, orange, jelly-like projections or fingers extend from the galls. Remove galls before they develop orange spore projections; See ANR-468.

LEYLAND CYPRESS Phomopsis Twig Canker Sunken circular or elliptical brown lesions on twigs. Sanitation; protective spray of Cleary's 3336.

LEYLAND CYPRESS Cercospora Blight Blight usually starts on lower inner needles. Pruning, sanitation, protective sprays of Cleary's 3336.

LEYLAND CYPRESS Macrophoma, Pestalotia Needle Blight-Secondary Brown needles with tiny black specks that are the spore bodies of these fungi. Usually occurs on stressed or weakened plants. Sanitation.

LEYLAND CYPRESS Macrophoma, Phomopsis Cankers, Maybe Secondary or Weak Pathogens Small, sunken, brown lesions on twigs and small stems; black specks of spore bodies present on lesion surfaces sometimes. Sanitation. Cleary's 3336 protective sprays.

LIGUSTRUM Cercospora Leaf Spot Brown circular or irregularly shaped leaf spots. Sanitation. Improve air circulation. Apply Cleary's 3336 spray. See APMH.

LILAC Bacterial Leaf Spot Black, angular, water-soaked spots. Sanitation. See APMH.

LILAC Pythium Root Rot Roots are off-color, decayed, water-soaked. Sanitation; Improve soil drainage; crop rotation.

MAGNOLIA Phyllosticta Leaf Spot Small-large (0.5-1 cm) light brown usually circular spots. See the APMH under 'Leaf Spot'.

MAPLE, RED Botryosphaeria Canker Dry, cracked, dark brown-black branch lesions. Prune out cankers.

MONDOGRASS Anthracnose
(Colletotrichum) Brown or reddish-brown blotches on leaf blades. Often blotches are along leaf edges or tips. See the APMH.

NANDINA, DWARF Phytophthora Root Rot Roots become water-soaked, brown and eventually dried. Foliage shows, dieback, wilt, poor growth. Sanitation.

OAK Hypoxylon Canker A thick, black, hard fungus layer develops just under bark . Prune out cankers.

PACHYSANDRA Volutella Blight Brown, sunken, shrivelled lesions on stems. Orange dots (fruiting bodies with spores) may be seen on surface of lesions. Prune out damaged areas.

PEAR, BRADFORD Fireblight (Erwinia) Black-colored dieback, blossom blight, twig-tips may have a shepherd's crook. Sanitation; See APMH.

PERIWINKLE Pythium Root Rot Roots brown and water-soaked. Sanitation. See APMH.

PETUNIA Phytophthora parasitica Crown Rot Cankers and blight areas develop on foliage. Sanitation. Daconil, Echo, Thalonil, and Aliette are labelled.

PETUNIA Pythium Root Rot See Periwinkle. -

PHLOX
(and Other Ornamentals) Powdery Mildews Buff or white powdery patches on leaves and stems; some distortion of new growth. Sanitation. Cleary's 3336 may be used.

PHLOX
(and Other Ornamentals) Rhizoctonia Blight Lower leaves become brown blotched with whole leaves and stems sometimes affected. Sanitation. Cleary's 3336 may be used.
PHOTINIA Armillaria Root Rot Decline of plant. Check the lower trunk or roots for a thin, white mycelial layer under the bark. Also look for honey-colored mushrooms. Sanitation of plant and roots. Crop rotation. See ANR-907.

PHOTINIA Entomosporium Leaf Spot Dark red spots (usually 3-4 mm or _ inch diam.) on upper and lower leaf surfaces. Spots often coalesce. Pruning; Fungicide treatment; See Cir. ANR-392 or APMH.

PINE, LOBLOLLY Fusiforme Rust
(Cronartium quercuum
f. sp. Fusiforme) Rusty, powdery coating appears on the surface of fusiform (elliptical-shaped) swellings on branches and trunks. (Near-by oaks will develop small black leaf spots in late spring). Sanitation in landscape settings; protective fungicide sprays available for nursery situations. See the APMH.

PINE, LOBLOLLY Needle Rust
(Coleosporium) Cream-colored pustules (2-3 mm or _ inch wide and high) develop along the edges of needles. ---

PINE SEEDLINGS,
LONG LEAF Rhizoctonia Root Rot Brown lesions, often shrivelled, on roots. Sanitation.

PINE, VIRGINIA Fusarium Pitch Canker Sunken, elliptical lesions on branches and trunks covered with pine resin. Sanitation.

PINE, VIRGINIA Needle Rust
(Coleosporium) Cream-colored pustules (2-3 mm or _ inch wide and high) develop along the edges of needles. --

PRIVET Cercospora Leaf Spot Large (1/4-1/2 inch diam.), medium brown circular or irregular spots. See APMH; Sanitation.

QUINCE Fireblight
(Erwinia amylovora) Blossom blight followed by rapid dieback. Severe pruning.

RED CEDAR Phomopsis Dieback Tips of twigs are brown. The dieback will extend further down the twig as time progresses; canker. Sanitation; See APMH.

RHODODENDRON
AZALEA Botryosphaeria Canker Elongated, elliptical, sunken, brown cankers with margins that are often cracked. Sanitation.

RHODODENDRON Cercospora Leaf Spot Brown spots (5-10 mm or 1/4-1/2 inch diam.) usually circular. Protective sprays of Cleary's 3336 or Domain. Sanitation.

ROSE Black Spot
(Diplocarpon rosa) Black, circular spots with feathery edges. See ANR-505 & APMH.

ROSE Coniothyrium Canker A brown oval or roughly oval sunken lesion on rose canes. Microscopic exam usually required to distinguish this canker from some others. Sanitation. Apply protective fungicides labelled for black spot control.

ROSE Powdery Mildew
(Sphaerotheca spp.) White powdery coating on leaves/ stems. See ANR-407 & APMH.

ROSE, HYBRID TEA Nectria Canker Sunken cane lesions with some callus production around lesion edges. Sanitation. Protective fungicides labelled for black spot.

THRIFT
(Phlox subulatins) Anthracnose
(Colletotrichum) Brown or reddish-brown spots, blotches (1-3 mm diam.) develop. Spot coalescence. Sanitation; protective sprays of Cleary's 3336 or Domain may help.

TULIP Fusarium and Penicillium Bulb Rots Bulbs develop sunken brown-gray dried lesions. Penicillium sporulation may occur as a blue-gray mold on the surface of the sunken rotted area. Sanitation. Bulb dips. See the APMH.

VINCA, ANNUAL Rhizoctonia Stem Rot Dark brown, dried, sunken lesion(s) on stems. Dieback of affected stems. Sanitation; remove damaged plants; Chipco 26019, Cleary's 3336, or Domain protective sprays; See APMH.

WAX MYRTLE Botryosphaeria Canker Dark, cracked, slightly sunken lesions on branches. Often follows cold injury. Pruning.

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PLANT	DISEASE	DESCRIPTION	CONTROL
APPLE, PEAR	Fireblight (Erwinia)	Flowers, pedicels, and leaves become black or dark brown and limp; canker development.	Sanitation, See APMH, see ANR-542.
AZALEA	Botryosphaeria Canker	Sunken cracked lesions on branches. Often this canker follows cold injury or some other type of wound. Stressed plants are often involved.	Sanitation.
AZALEA	Botrytis Petal Blight	Large irregular areas of blossoms turn brown; brown areas are covered with a gray delicate webbing during humid weather.	See APMH.
AZALEA	Cercospora Leaf Spot	Roughly circular-angular brown-black spots (about 0.5 cm diam.); spots are usually associated with stressed plants.	Sanitation of fallen leaves. Maintain proper fertility and watering schedules. Protective sprays of Cleary's 3336 may be applied.
AZALEA	Colletotrichum Leaf Spot	Roughly circular brown-black leaf spots (about 0.5 cm diam.). Spots often associated with stressed plants.	See Cercospora Leaf Spot.
AZALEA	Exobasidium Gall	Blossoms & leaves develop green-pink-white fleshy galls.	Sanitation; See APMH.
AZALEA	Ovulinia Petal Blight	Small white-brown spots enlarge to become large browned areas on the blossoms.	See APMH.
AZALEA	Pestalotia Blight (Secondary)	Gray-white dried blotches on foliage, often along leaf edges.	Sanitation.
AZALEA	Phytophthora Crown & Root Rot	Crowns & roots become brown and water-soaked, then dried.	Sanitation; See APMH.
AZALEA	Rhizoctonia Aerial Blight	Medium-dark brown spots or blotches on lower leaves may involve 50-100% of leaf area. Dead leaves will fall.	See APMH.
BENTGRASS	Pythium Blight	Irregular areas of turf become water-soaked and then pale brown.	See ANR-594.
BENTGRASS	Ring Nematode Damage (Criconemoides)	Areas display stunting, yellowing, and dieback.	See ANR-523.
BOXWOOD	Macrophoma Blight-Stress	During the winter, boxwood may change color and take-on a reddish tint. These discolored plants sometimes develop a more serious yellowing and blight with tiny black dots scattered on yellowed leaves; cankers may develop. This is generally a problem of stressed plants.	Pruning; proper maintenance.
CAMELLIA	Algal Leaf Spot (Cephaleuros)	Green or green-red, slightly raised leaf spots with slightly wavy margins. Old spots have white centers.	See the APMH.
CAMELLIA	Colletotrichum Leaf Spot	Round, light brown, circular spots which may contain brown-white-orange specks that are the spore bodies.	Sanitation. Cleary's 3336 protective sprays.
CAMELLIA	Ringspot Virus	Yellow or brown rings develop on leaves. Plants may be stunted.	Maintain plants with proper fertilization and water schedules.
CEDAR, RED (JUNIPER)	Cedar Apple Rust (Gymnosporangium)	Large (1-3 inch diameter), woody galls on stems develop orange, jelly-like projections (one or more inches long) which protrude from the entire surface of the gall.	Remove galls before orange "fingers" develop. Apply protective fungicide sprays to apple and crabapple. See APMH.
CEDAR, RED (JUNIPER)	Pestalotia Tip Blight	Tips of twigs dieback.	Water & fertilize to promote vigorous plants. Selective pruning.
CHERRY LAUREL	Bacterial Leaf Spot (Xanthomonas)	Medium to dark-brown circular or slightly irregular spots develop. As spots age, they dry and eventually the whole spot may fall out. Small, faint halos present sometimes.	Sanitation; basic copper sulfate may give protective control. See APMH.
CHERRY LAUREL	Cercospora Leaf Spot	Irregular brown spots of variable size.	Sanitation of leaves in the fall.
CLEYERA	Anthracnose (Colletotrichum)	Reddish circular-irregularly shaped spots, blotches (about 5 mm diam.) scattered on leaves.	Sanitation. Cleary's 3336 or Domain protective sprays.
EUONYMUS	Anthracnose (Elsinoe)	Brown circular-angular lesions on leaves.	Sanitation. See the Alabama Pest Management Handbook.
GERANIUM	Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. Pelargonii)	Black, angular, water-soaked spots on leaves and stems; wilt; dieback.	Sanitation; See the APMH.
GERANIUM	Pythium Stem & Root Rot	Lower stems become black and rotted; roots also become brown or black and decayed.	See the APMH.
GREENHOUSE CROPS	Bacterial Leaf Spot	Small-large, irregular, dark, wet-looking spots which often become dry in their centers and may have yellow zones or borders at their outer edges.	Strict sanitation; eliminate overhead irrigation if possible; copper sprays help some. See APMH.
GREENHOUSE CROPS	Botrytis Blight	See Azalea.	See APMH. Decrease humidity.
GREENHOUSE CROPS	Downy Mildews	Diffuse yellow spots on upper leaf surfaces with corresponding areas on lower leaf surfaces showing darker color, often with tan-gray fungal growth	See APMH for specific controls.
GREENHOUSE CROPS	Phytophthora Root Rot	Roots become, brown, decayed, water-soaked; the outer cortex easily pulls away from the inner tissues.	Sanitation. Check soil water relations and fertilizer levels. Chemical control depends on plant type.
HOSTA	Pythium Crown Rot	Brown, wet, water-soaked decay at lower stem near the soil line.	Sanitation; improve soil drainage; rotate away from Hosta; Subdue 2E after test treatment.
INDIAN HAWTHORNE	Entomosporium Leaf Spot	Reddish spots with black centers.	Sanitation. Protective fungicide sprays.
IRIS, BEARDED	Heterosporium Leaf Spot	Brown, usually elliptical, sometimes large (1-2 cm) spots.	Sanitation. Protective sprays of Cleary's 3336.
JUNIPER	Cedar Apple Rust (Gymnosporangium virginianae,)	Spherical woody galls develop on twigs and branches; with warm wet weather, orange, jelly-like projections or fingers extend from the galls.	Remove galls before they develop orange spore projections; See ANR-468.
LEYLAND CYPRESS	Phomopsis Twig Canker	Sunken circular or elliptical brown lesions on twigs.	Sanitation; protective spray of Cleary's 3336.
LEYLAND CYPRESS	Cercospora Blight	Blight usually starts on lower inner needles.	Pruning, sanitation, protective sprays of Cleary's 3336.
LEYLAND CYPRESS	Macrophoma, Pestalotia Needle Blight-Secondary	Brown needles with tiny black specks that are the spore bodies of these fungi. Usually occurs on stressed or weakened plants.	Sanitation.
LEYLAND CYPRESS	Macrophoma, Phomopsis Cankers, Maybe Secondary or Weak Pathogens	Small, sunken, brown lesions on twigs and small stems; black specks of spore bodies present on lesion surfaces sometimes.	Sanitation. Cleary's 3336 protective sprays.
LIGUSTRUM	Cercospora Leaf Spot	Brown circular or irregularly shaped leaf spots.	Sanitation. Improve air circulation. Apply Cleary's 3336 spray. See APMH.
LILAC	Bacterial Leaf Spot	Black, angular, water-soaked spots.	Sanitation. See APMH.
LILAC	Pythium Root Rot	Roots are off-color, decayed, water-soaked.	Sanitation; Improve soil drainage; crop rotation.
MAGNOLIA	Phyllosticta Leaf Spot	Small-large (0.5-1 cm) light brown usually circular spots.	See the APMH under 'Leaf Spot'.
MAPLE, RED	Botryosphaeria Canker	Dry, cracked, dark brown-black branch lesions.	Prune out cankers.
MONDOGRASS	Anthracnose (Colletotrichum)	Brown or reddish-brown blotches on leaf blades. Often blotches are along leaf edges or tips.	See the APMH.
NANDINA, DWARF	Phytophthora Root Rot	Roots become water-soaked, brown and eventually dried. Foliage shows, dieback, wilt, poor growth.	Sanitation.
OAK	Hypoxylon Canker	A thick, black, hard fungus layer develops just under bark	. Prune out cankers.
PACHYSANDRA	Volutella Blight	Brown, sunken, shrivelled lesions on stems. Orange dots (fruiting bodies with spores) may be seen on surface of lesions.	Prune out damaged areas.
PEAR, BRADFORD	Fireblight (Erwinia)	Black-colored dieback, blossom blight, twig-tips may have a shepherd's crook.	Sanitation; See APMH.
PERIWINKLE	Pythium Root Rot	Roots brown and water-soaked.	Sanitation. See APMH.
PETUNIA	Phytophthora parasitica Crown Rot	Cankers and blight areas develop on foliage.	Sanitation. Daconil, Echo, Thalonil, and Aliette are labelled.
PETUNIA	Pythium Root Rot	See Periwinkle.	-
PHLOX (and Other Ornamentals)	Powdery Mildews	Buff or white powdery patches on leaves and stems; some distortion of new growth.	Sanitation. Cleary's 3336 may be used.
PHLOX (and Other Ornamentals)	Rhizoctonia Blight	Lower leaves become brown blotched with whole leaves and stems sometimes affected.	Sanitation. Cleary's 3336 may be used.
PHOTINIA	Armillaria Root Rot	Decline of plant. Check the lower trunk or roots for a thin, white mycelial layer under the bark. Also look for honey-colored mushrooms.	Sanitation of plant and roots. Crop rotation. See ANR-907.
PHOTINIA	Entomosporium Leaf Spot	Dark red spots (usually 3-4 mm or _ inch diam.) on upper and lower leaf surfaces. Spots often coalesce.	Pruning; Fungicide treatment; See Cir. ANR-392 or APMH.
PINE, LOBLOLLY	Fusiforme Rust (Cronartium quercuum f. sp. Fusiforme)	Rusty, powdery coating appears on the surface of fusiform (elliptical-shaped) swellings on branches and trunks. (Near-by oaks will develop small black leaf spots in late spring).	Sanitation in landscape settings; protective fungicide sprays available for nursery situations. See the APMH.
PINE, LOBLOLLY	Needle Rust (Coleosporium)	Cream-colored pustules (2-3 mm or _ inch wide and high) develop along the edges of needles.	---
PINE SEEDLINGS, LONG LEAF	Rhizoctonia Root Rot	Brown lesions, often shrivelled, on roots.	Sanitation.
PINE, VIRGINIA	Fusarium Pitch Canker	Sunken, elliptical lesions on branches and trunks covered with pine resin.	Sanitation.
PINE, VIRGINIA	Needle Rust (Coleosporium)	Cream-colored pustules (2-3 mm or _ inch wide and high) develop along the edges of needles.	--
PRIVET	Cercospora Leaf Spot	Large (1/4-1/2 inch diam.), medium brown circular or irregular spots.	See APMH; Sanitation.
QUINCE	Fireblight (Erwinia amylovora)	Blossom blight followed by rapid dieback.	Severe pruning.
RED CEDAR	Phomopsis Dieback	Tips of twigs are brown. The dieback will extend further down the twig as time progresses; canker.	Sanitation; See APMH.
RHODODENDRON AZALEA	Botryosphaeria Canker	Elongated, elliptical, sunken, brown cankers with margins that are often cracked.	Sanitation.
RHODODENDRON	Cercospora Leaf Spot	Brown spots (5-10 mm or 1/4-1/2 inch diam.) usually circular.	Protective sprays of Cleary's 3336 or Domain. Sanitation.
ROSE	Black Spot (Diplocarpon rosa)	Black, circular spots with feathery edges.	See ANR-505 & APMH.
ROSE	Coniothyrium Canker	A brown oval or roughly oval sunken lesion on rose canes. Microscopic exam usually required to distinguish this canker from some others.	Sanitation. Apply protective fungicides labelled for black spot control.
ROSE	Powdery Mildew (Sphaerotheca spp.)	White powdery coating on leaves/ stems.	See ANR-407 & APMH.
ROSE, HYBRID TEA	Nectria Canker	Sunken cane lesions with some callus production around lesion edges.	Sanitation. Protective fungicides labelled for black spot.
THRIFT (Phlox subulatins)	Anthracnose (Colletotrichum)	Brown or reddish-brown spots, blotches (1-3 mm diam.) develop. Spot coalescence.	Sanitation; protective sprays of Cleary's 3336 or Domain may help.
TULIP	Fusarium and Penicillium Bulb Rots	Bulbs develop sunken brown-gray dried lesions. Penicillium sporulation may occur as a blue-gray mold on the surface of the sunken rotted area.	Sanitation. Bulb dips. See the APMH.
VINCA, ANNUAL	Rhizoctonia Stem Rot	Dark brown, dried, sunken lesion(s) on stems. Dieback of affected stems.	Sanitation; remove damaged plants; Chipco 26019, Cleary's 3336, or Domain protective sprays; See APMH.
WAX MYRTLE	Botryosphaeria Canker	Dark, cracked, slightly sunken lesions on branches. Often follows cold injury.	Pruning.